How Engine Fuel Injectors work?

Fuel injectors spray a fine mist of fuel into the engine, either directly into the combustion chamber (direct injection) or into the intake manifold (indirect injection), where it mixes with air before ignition. This precise delivery of fuel ensures efficient combustion, leading to improved engine performance and fuel economy.
Here's a more detailed look at how they work:

1. Fuel Delivery:

A fuel pump in the fuel tank sends pressurized fuel to a fuel rail.
The fuel rail distributes pressurized fuel to each individual injector, one for each cylinder.

2. Injector Control:

An Electronic Control Unit (ECU) controls the injectors, determining when and how much fuel to inject.
The ECU sends an electrical signal to a solenoid valve within the injector.
When the solenoid is energized, it lifts a needle valve, allowing fuel to flow through the nozzle.

3. Fuel Injection:

Indirect Injection:
Fuel is sprayed into the intake manifold, where it mixes with incoming air before entering the combustion chamber.
Direct Injection:
Fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber at high pressure, where it mixes with incoming air.

4. Combustion:

The fuel-air mixture is ignited by a spark plug (in gasoline engines) or compressed heat (in diesel engines), creating the power that drives the engine.

Key Components:

Injector Nozzle: A tiny opening that breaks up the fuel into a fine mist.
Solenoid Valve: An electromagnet that controls the needle valve, opening and closing the injector.
Needle Valve: A valve that regulates fuel flow, lifted by the solenoid.
Fuel Rail: A pressurized fuel supply pipe connecting to each injector.
ECU: The electronic brain that controls the injectors and other engine systems.

In essence, fuel injectors are precise spray nozzles that deliver fuel to the engine in a controlled manner, ensuring optimal combustion and engine performance.